In my last blog post, I focused on the need of church covenants to protect the church and to promote regenerate church membership. After reading the post, one might say, “Well church covenants might be helpful, but are they biblical?” Great question! I hope that after reading this post, readers will see the biblical foundation upon which church covenants stand.
First, we see people making covenants to God and to each other throughout the Old Testament. The Israelites made a covenant with the Lord at Sinai stating, “All that the Lord has spoken we will do!” Exodus 19:8 NASB They reaffirmed this covenant later (Exodus 24:3). The people made a covenant with Josiah to follow God’s Word (2 Kings 23:3). The people of Ezra’s time made a covenant with God to be a pure people (Ezra 10:1-5). People of Nehemiah’s time signed a covenant showing their commitment to follow God (Nehemiah 9:38).
The New Testament also mentions covenants. Jesus mentioned a making new covenant when He celebrated Passover with the disciples (Luke 22:20). Whenever we observe the Lord’s Supper, we commemorate this new covenant (1 Corinthians 11:25-26) There is an indication that candidates for baptism made covenants when they were baptized. Paul encouraged Timothy, “Fight the good fight of faith; take hold of the eternal life to which you were called, and you made the good confession in the presence of many witnesses.” (1 Timothy 6:12 NASB) Peter wrote that baptism is an “appeal to God from a good conscience,” pointing to the believer’s public commitment to Christ at baptism. Such language regarding the Lord’s Supper and baptism are clear references to commitment and covenant by members of the early church.
In addition to Scripture, we have the testimony of the early church fathers that indicates that church covenants were widely accepted and considered to be biblically sound. In Constitutions of the Holy Apostles, an early church manual from the third century said to be recorded by Clement of Rome from the teaching of the Apostles, candidates for baptism were required to make a public renunciation of Satan and a public covenant and association with Christ Jesus. (Constitutions of the Holy Apostles, 7.4.xli, 476) It was common for early Christians to also make a covenant commitment or oath prior to partaking of the Lord’s Supper.
The above comments show clearly that covenants are biblical and were part of the practice of the early church, particularly coinciding with baptism and the Lord’s Supper; however, such evidence leads to another question, “Does Baptist history support the use of church covenants in Baptist and Southern Baptist churches?” You will have to read the next blog post for the answer.
Loving God and Loving Our Neighbor!
Pastor Tim